“This could be really significant for doctors and patients concerned with the development of brain disorders.”
These quantum sensors are believed to be much more accurate than either EEG or fMRI scanners, due in part to the fact that the sensors can get closer to the skull. The closer proximity of the sensors to the brain can not only improve the spatial, but also the temporal resolution of the results. This double improvement of both time and space accuracy is highly significant as it means brain signals can be tracked in ways that are inaccessible to other types of sensors.
“It’s the quantum technology which makes these sensors so accurate”, explains Professor Peter Kruger, who leads the Quantum Systems and Devices lab at the University of Sussex. He adds:
“The sensors contain a gas of rubidium atoms. Beams of laser light are shone at the atoms, and when the atoms experience changes in a magnetic field, they emit light differently. Fluctuations in the emitted light reveal changes in the magnetic activity in the brain. The quantum sensors are accurate within milliseconds, and within several millimetres.”
The technology behind the scanners is called magnetoencephalography (MEG). Combining MEG tech with these new quantum sensors has developed a non-invasive way to probe activity in the brain. Unlike existing brain scanners – which send a signal into the brain and record what come back – MEG passively measures what is occurring inside from the outside, eliminating the health risks currently associated for some patients with invasive scanners.
Currently MEG scanners are expensive and bulky, making them challenging to use in clinical practice. This development of quantum sensor technology could be crucial for transferring the scanners from highly controlled laboratory environments into real-world clinical settings.
“It’s our hope with this development” adds Gialopsou. “That in discovering this enhanced function of quantum brain scanners the door is opened to further developments that could bring about a quantum revolution in neuroscience. This matters because, although the scanners are in their infancy, it has implications for future developments that could lead to crucial early diagnosis of brain diseases, such as ALS, MS and even Alzheimer’s. That’s what motivates us as a team.”
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